Gross domestic product
The gross domestic product (seasonally unadjusted) in the second quarter of 2025 increased in annual terms slightly more than in the first quarter of 2025, but slightly less than in the second quarter of 2024 (in these periods, growth amounted to 3.2% and 3.4%, respectively). After seasonal adjustment, the growth rate was weaker than in the previous quarter and a year before.
Population
The population of Poland at the end of September 2025 was smaller than a year ago and at the end of the previous year. In the first three quarters of 2025, fewer children were born than a year before, while the number of deaths increased slightly. As a result of higher number of deaths than births, the natural increase remained negative. It is estimated that, as in the same period last year, the international net migration was positive.
Labour market
The annual decrease of average paid employment in the enterprise sector was slightly larger than in the corresponding period of the previous year. Both the inflow to and the outflow from the register rolls of the unemployed were smaller than a year ago. The registered unemployment rate at the end of September 2025 was higher than in the previous month and a year before.
Labour market – Labour Force Survey (LFS)
According to preliminary results of the Labour Force Survey, in the second quarter of 2025, both the number of employed persons and the employment rate were similar to these observed a year earlier. The number of unemployed persons and the unemployment rate increased, but compared to the first quarter of 2025, they took on lower values.
Average monthly gross wages and salaries in enterprise sector
Average nominal gross wages and salaries in the enterprise sector increased year-on-year to a lesser extent than a year before. The growth in their purchasing power was also weaker (with the greater increase in consumer prices than a year before).
NOMINAL
Average monthly gross retirement and other pensions
The annual growth in nominal and real gross retirement and other pensions in both systems was weaker than a year before.
Consumer prices
The prices of consumer goods and services increased in annual terms more than in the period January–September of 2024, due to significant price dynamics in the first two quarters. The growth in prices concerned most groups of consumer goods and services. Prices of dwellings and food and non-alcoholic beverages, among others, grew more than a year before. The decrease in prices related to transport was deeper than in the three quarters of 2025.
PRICES OF CONSUMER GOODS AND SERVICES
Prices of sold production1 of industry
and construction and assembly production
Prices of sold production of industry declined year-on-year to a lesser extent than in the period January–September of 2024. Prices of construction and assembly production increased at a slower rate than a year before.
PRICES OF SOLD PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRY
Sold production of industry2
Sold production of industry increased in annual terms to a greater extent than a year before, partly due to its accelerated growth in the third quarter of 2025. The production sold in manufacturing was higher than a year before, as well as in water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities. Meanwhile, a decrease in sold production continued in mining and quarrying, as well as in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply. Sales increased in most of the main industrial groupings (except for the production of energy), with the highest increase recorded in the production of capital goods.
SEASONALLY UNADJUSTED
Construction and assembly production3
The year-on-year decline in construction and assembly production was smaller than a year before. Production in companies specialising in construction of buildings and civil engineering was lower than in January‒September last year. On the other hand, production increased in entities engaged mainly in specialised construction activities. Sales of investment works decreased, while sales of restoration works grew.
SEASONALLY UNADJUSTED
Housing construction4
The number of dwellings completed slightly decreased compared to the previous year (when a decline was also observed). Following significant increases in January‒September 2024, the number of dwellings for which permits have been granted5 has fallen, as well as for those in which construction started.
DWELLINGS COMPLETED
DWELLINGS FOR WHICH PERMITS
HAVE BEEN GRANTED 5
DWELLINGS IN WHICH CONSTRUCTION HAS BEGUN
Retail sales
Retail sales increased to a greater extent than in the same period last year. Growth in sales was recorded in most groups, including the highest (after declines a year before) in the following groups furniture, radio, TV and household appliances as well as textiles, clothing, footwear. Sales also increased in units trading in motor vehicles, motorcycles, parts as well as solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. A slight decline was recorded in the group with the largest share in total retail sales, i.e. food, beverages and tobacco products.
RETAIL SALES
Agriculture
Procurement prices for basic grains and most animal products were higher than a year ago (when declines prevailed). However, prices for pigs for slaughter and potatoes were lower than in the corresponding period of 2024.
PROCUREMENT PRICES OF WHEAT
PROCUREMENT PRICES
OF PIGS FOR SLAUGHTER
Foreign trade
Exports of goods declined slightly year-on-year, while imports increased (a year ago, both sides of trade recorded a decline). The exchange closed with a negative balance, compared to the positive one in the previous year. Trade with developed countries was slightly higher than a year before, imports from developing countries rose as well. The terms of trade index for January–July 2025 was more favourable than a year earlier.
EXPORTS
(in PLN)
Financial results of non-financial enterprises
Financial results of the surveyed enterprises were higher than those obtained in the first half of 2024. Economic and financial relations improved. Revenues from export sales increased. The basic indicators among exporters were better than a year before and comparable to those for enterprises in total.
NET FINANCIAL RESULT
GROSS TURNOVER
PROFITABILITY INDICATOR
NET TURNOVER
PROFITABILITY INDICATOR
Investment outlays of non-financial enterprises
The investment outlays of the surveyed non-financial enterprises decreased in annual terms (the drop was smaller than a year earlier). Outlays on buildings and structures declined, while those on purchases increased. The number of new investments was lower than in the first half of 2024, with their estimated value also slightly decreased. Investment outlays of entities with foreign capital dropped.
INVESTMENT OUTLAYS
(AT CONSTANT PRICES)
Business tendency
Sentiments of entrepreneurs in manufacturing and in construction are more pessimistic than in September 2025. The business climate assessments in transportation and storage also worsened and are unfavourable, while a month earlier they were positive. In contrast, in retail trade the assessments are similarly pessimistic as in September 2025.
Among the barriers to running current operations, entrepreneurs still consider labour costs to be the most burdensome. Business activity is also hindered by, among others, high payments to the state revenue, though most of entities indicate them clearly more seldom than a year before. Compared to October 2024, the importance of problems related to insufficient demand has increased in described sectors.
Among the activities presented, entrepreneurs most often indicate that, over the next three months, the rate of growth in prices of services, goods, materials and raw materials used in business activity will slow down. Only in manufacturing the majority of entrepreneurs predict these prices will stabilize. Among the factors driving business costs , entrepreneurs most frequently indicate energy and fuel prices as well as labour costs. The labour costs, in particular, are mentioned more often than in July 2025 (i.e. in the previous survey on prices), especially in manufacturing.
Most enterprises in the presented areas report that they either do not experience negative effects from the war in Ukraine or consider these effects to be of little significance to their business activity (86–93%, i.e. mostly less than in the previous edition of the survey).
Consumer tendency
Consumer confidence indicators, monitoring current and predicted tendencies in individual consumption, are more negative than in September 2025. The unfavourable assessments concerning, among others, current and predicted economic situation of the country, have worsened. According to respondents, the growth in consumer prices will maintain.
Consumers’ concerns about the conflict in Ukraine are generally bigger or similar compared to the previous month. According to 34% of respondents, the current situation on the Ukrainian territory poses a great threat to Poland’s sovereignty and independence (compared to 28% in September 2025), while 29% consider it as threat to the Polish economy (compared to 23%). 7% of respondents see the conflict in Ukraine as a major threat to their personal financial situation (i.e. similarly as in the previous month). The definite concerns about losing their job or having to closing their own business due to the situation in Ukraine are expressed by 2% of respondents (vs. 3% in September 2025), while 8% consider such a situation possible (vs. 10% a month earlier).
CURRENT CONSUMER
CONFIDENCE INDICATOR
Sytuacja społeczno-gospodarcza kraju
Departament Opracowań Statystycznych
e-mail:
ssgk@stat.gov.pl